Ventilating apparatus



Aug. 2Q, 1946..

L. J. sHuMAKl-:R

VENTILATv-ING APPARATUS 2 Sheets-Sheet l Filed May 5l 1945 vw? u@ NN @Nl uw WN. NQ/\\\L l /AwnI m f n NI kn r N. Nm. o NH @v QN mv 0m @n l vb lllll lll. lllllll uw m f n@ mm @N QN MN NN.

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L. J. SHUMAKER Y VEINTILATING APPARATUS Filed May 5, 1943 sheets-sheet 2 Patented Aug. 20, Y1946 2,406,168, i

UNITI-:D STATES PATENT OFFICEA VEN TILATIN G APPARATUS i Lucky J. Shumaker, Bellevue, Pa., assigner to- -H. H. Robertson Company, Pittsburgh, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania Application May 5, 1943, Serial No. 485,719

Claims. (Cl. 98-42) 1 2 This invention relates vto Ventilating apparatus. liability of emission of light through the ven-` One object of the invention is to provide a tilator from within the ship. Provision is made novel and improved construction of Ventilating for enabling the amount of ventilation to be apparatus which is adapted for general use and controlled and the ventilator to be closed durparticularly for use upon buildings and other 5 ing exceptionally rough weather tov prevent the structures from which it is desired to exhaust air entrance of sea water into the ship through the during black-outs, without permitting light from ventilator. within the structure to pass outwardly through Referring now to the drawings in whichthe the ventilator. different features of the invention have been Afurther and more specific object of the invenillustrated as embodied in a ship ventilator tion is to provide anovel prefabricated Ventilating adapted to be used instead of the open hatches unit for use as a ship ventilator and whose design and skylights above referred to, the improved is such as to readily adapt it for use in newly ventilator comprises acompletely assembled unit constructed ships, on ships of present construchaving a base portion` it rectangular in shape tion, and also on any ships which are now in servand provided with flanges i2 around theperiphice, and whose construction is such as to enable ery thereof adapted to nt over the usual combthe ventilator to continue in operation while the ing or casing I'4 which forms part of the strucship is in a combat zone Without permitting light ture of the ships deck or engine room* and is to emerge through the ventilator. removably secured thereto by bolts or otherwise. With these general objects in view, and such 2o The base Ii! is, in the illustrated structure, iii-'- others as may hereinafter appear, the invention clined upwardly at its sides I5, I6, and the sides consists in the Ventilating apparatus and in the and vertical ends I'I, I8 terminate inv an elonship Ventilating system hereinafter described and gatedy rectangular opening I 9 comprising thel particularly pointed out in theclaims at the end throat ofthe ventilator. The base Io has erected. of this specification. 25 thereon a suction band 2s of general rectan- In the drawings Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional gular shape having the sides thereof inclined view of the present ventilator forming a part of upwardly andterminating in anupstanding poraship Ventilating system and erected vupon the tion which cooperates' with the upper portion of K usual curbing which now projects above the boat the end walls to form a rectangular framewithin deck and upon which the present hatches and which black-out louvers indicated generally at skylights forming a part of the present ven- 24: are mounted; as will be described. The suctilating system now used are mounted; and Fig. tion band 20, louvers 24 and a cap member; 2 is a plan View of the complete Ventilating unit indicated generally at 26 are preferably mounted with portions broken away to illustrate the conupon structural framework erected upon and struction thereof. supported by the ventilator base to form a unit In its broader aspects, the invention contemtherewith. The structural framework for supplates a novel and superior construction of venporting these parts comprises uprights 21, diagtilator of the stationary type which is designed onals 28, and cap supporting members 29, as to permit eflicient eXhaustionvof air from within clearly illustrated in the drawings. The cap the building, to prevent the entrance of rain member 26 is of a size at least covering the through the ventilator and at the same time to ventilator throat I 9 and is mounted upon the prevent the emission of light through the ventiframework to be spaced a substantial distance lator from within the building, Chus enabling from the throat to provide lateral air outlet pasthe ventilator to continue in operation during sageways 3D, 3| through which air may readily black-out periods. While the Ventilating appapass upwardly from the throat and over the ratus embodying the invention may be used cap and out through the black-out louvers 2li with advantage for general purposes, the invenat rthe top ofthe ventilator.

tion is preferably embodied in a ship Ventilating The suction band 20 is spaced a substantial system and the construction and design of the distance from the ventilator throat I 9 to enable Ventilating unit is such as to adapt 'it to be 50 the air to pass from the ventilator throat o utreadily substituted for the hatches and skylights wardly through the lateral outlet passageways now used as a part of standard ship ventilators, 30, 3|, andv thence upwardly between the cap as will be described, and in addition the conand the suction band and then through the struction is such as to permit the ventilator to black-out louvers 24 at the top of the ventilator. be continued in operation at all times without Inorder to control the exhaustion of the air Y .ment of the l made for enabling the dampers 40, 4l to be simul- Y black-out louvers 24 are Amitted'light to emerge from tially closed by damper members 46, 4|, which as herein shown are pivoted upon the under sides of the ventilator cap in a position such that whenv swung downwardly the oiset lower ends thereof rest against the inner sides of the throat 1 9 Vand serve to close the lateral outlet passageways 30, 3|, such positionbeing indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 1

ends of the stantially abut, to form deflecting the air as through the ventilator deecting members for it passes upwardly direction andV through the outlet passagewaysV The dampers `may be suspended `Yat In their( elevated positions the lower` dampers are arranged Vto abut or subdifferent angular positions to partially,A close," the outlet openings and thereby control the,l

amount of ventilation desired. In the embodiinvention herein shown, provisionis taneously .operated by mechanism including `a hand operated wheel 50 mounted within the engine room or other portion of the ship immediately below the ventilator, and as v he hand wheel isrotated, the rotations'thereof are transmitted through the vertical operating shaft 52 and worm' and worm wheel, indicated generally at 54, to turn pinions 56, 51 arranged to mesh with segmental racks'58, 60, one rackbeing mounted upon each damper.V The racks 58, 66, are' held in mesh with thepinions 56, 51 by guide members 64,68 separated as shown in Fig. 2 and are pivotally mounted on the pinion shaft 59 and provided'with rollers for engaging the back of the racks.V Y

'Ihe suction band 20 acts asa wind baille which prevents wind or rain from entering between the' cap 26 andthe base I0. The black-out louvers 24 and an adjacent baille 10 prevents light from It willr being emitted from within the ventilator; be observed by reference to Fig. 1 that the blackout'l louvers24 vcomprise a series of baffles bent into angular shape, as shown, witha small vertical section 12 at the top. This vertical section 12 is so designed that if air passes tion across the top of theventilato'r it does not retard the exhaust air.' Therefore, if a ship were travelling in the same direction as the wind, the angle baies 24would not act as a scoop and force the air down into the ventilatorbut would permit the air to pass freely across the top of the ventilator, creating a suction action. The baffle consists of a flat piece of metal or other material extending the full length of the ventilators, and it `functions to prevent light from the 'right side of the ventilator entering black-out louver and also to prevent lightV from the left side of the ventilator from entering the right side of the black-out louver.

The baie 10, cap 26, ventilator throat I9 and spaced with relation' to one another so as to insure that any light emerging through the throat from within the ship or other structure is reflected three ytimes before emerging from the top of the ventilator, and it has been found that such an arrangement insures the desired-black-oun'thus permitting the ship to operate incombat Zones without the necessity ofclosing the ventilatingrsystem. Heretofore the hatches or; operating skylights,- which have been hinged upon the deck curbing '|4, perthese hatches or skylights when opened, thus rendering .the ship a target for Venemy action. Consequently it has been the practice'to closer the hatches andskyin any directhe'left side of :the

' lator throat until it reached f out louvres and screens lights have offered little protection against the I entrance of sea water and as a result in practice have been closed a substantial part ofthe time, thus destroying the Ventilating system.

It will be observed that the ventilator base may be bolted or welded to the raised curbing above the boat deck, permitting removal of the ventiand rendering the engine room accessible through a large openingn The base is sloped upwardly from the curbing to the throat of the'venthroat an l-r' tla'tor, and Slope raises the throat 0f the lso that if green water should wash over the deck it would not necessarily enter the Yventilator 4 a substantial height.V It will also be observed that in the present structure of ventilator, shouldr rain enter the ventilator through the black-out louvers, it is drained from the cap into gutters 86 and theseV gutters 80 spill the water onto the base, and the base due to its slope directs the water through the Aopening between the suction bandand the base, allowing the water to wash onto the ships deck. Prior to the present invention the matter `of escape from the engine room has presented substantial difiiculty during those periods when the usual skylights and y Particularly during black-out periods when blackskylights, the methodY of escape was restricted to the intake ventilators. In accordance with the present invention, escape hatches 82,V B4 are provided at least at one end and preferably at both ends of the ventilator unl and these are disposed so as tor permit ready escape Yfrom* `the engine room irrespective as to whether the dampers are closed or open. Y Y A j While the preferred embodiment ofthe invention has been herein illustrated and described, ,it will be understood that the invention'may vbe embodied in YotherA forms within the scope of the following claims. Y f f Having thus described the invention, what is claimed is: Y 1

1. A ventilatin throat, a ventilator cap supported a substantial distance above the ventilator throat providing lateral air exhaust openings between it and the ventilator base, said ventilator cap having side portions projecting outwardly beyond the opening of said ventilator throat, opposed dampers having one of their side edges pivotally mounted at the side edge portions of said cap and arranged toswing outwardly into a closesaid openings and inwardly until the opposite edges thereof are in substantially abutting position to form deflectors for the air emerging from said throat, said dampers extending up wardly and outwardly in opposite directions from their substantially abutting edges and operatingY throat, a ventilator cap supported a substantial hatches have been closed.V

has been placed in the unit comprising a base provided with an opening forming the VventilatorV position .to

throat, and

ventilator throat providing lateral air exhaust openings between it and the ventilator base, said ventilator cap having side portions projecting outwardly beyond the opening of said ventilator throat, opposed dampers having one of their side edges hingedly connected to an edge portion of said lcap and arranged to swing outwardly into a position to close said openings and inwardly until the opposite edges thereof are in substantially abutting position to form deflectors for the air emerging from said throat, said dampers extending upwardly and outwardly in opposite directions from their abutting edges and operating to prevent entrapment of the outgoing air under the ventilator cap, a suction band mounted upon the base and surrounding said cap and spaced a substantial distance therefrom to form an air passage communicating with said lateral air exhaust openings, said band extending above the cap and below said ventilator throat, and terminating at its upper end in an opening, and a series of blackout louvers in said opening shaped to prevent the emission of light from Within the ventilator base through said opening while permitting passage of air therethrough.

3. In a Ventilating system for a ship having a deck, a curbing projecting upwardly from the deck and surrounding an opening in the deck leading to within the ship, a Ventilating unit removably erected upOn said curbing forming a closure for said opening, said Ventilating unit comprising a stationary ventilator having a rectangular shaped base including portions inclined upwardly and inwardly and terminating in spaced relation to form a rectangular opening forming the ventilator throat, said ventilator throat being disposed a substantial distance above said curbing, a rectangular shaped suction band mounted upon said base and having its upper end open, a ventilator cap within the suction band and disposed a substantial distance above the ventilator throat, said ventilator cap having side portions projecting outwardly beyond the opening of said ventilator throat, dampers hinged at their upper ends at the side edge portions of the cap and arranged to be swung inwardly from their closed to their open positions, the free ends of the dampers terminating at a point above the mid portion of the ventilator throat when the dampers are in their fully open positions and providing deiiecting surfaces extending upwardly and outwardly from above the mid portion of the ventilator throat toward the side edges of the cap, whereby to assist in the outward movement of the air through the space between the `cap and the sides of the throat and to prevent entrapment of outgoing air under the cap, and operating mechanism for actuating said dampers, said operating mechanism extending down into the ship.

4. In a Ventilating system for a ship having a deck, a curbing projecting upwardly from the deck and surrounding an opening in the deck leading to within the ship, a Ventilating unit redistance above the said Ventilating unit comprising a stationary ventilator having a rectangular shaped base including portions inclined upwardly and inwardly and terminating in spaced relation to form a rectangular opening forming the ventilator throat, said ventilator throat being disposed a substantial distance above said curb- Cal ' upper end thereof, each ing, a rectangular shaped suction band mounted upon said base and having its upper end open and provided with black-out louvers, a ventilator cap within the suction band and disposed a substantial distance above the ventilator throat, said ventilator cap having side portions projecting outwardly beyond the opening of said ventilator throat, dampers hinged at their upper ends at the side edge portions of the cap and arranged to be swung inwardly from their closed to their open positions, the free ends of the dampers terminating at a point above the mid portion of the ventilator throat when the dampers are in their fully open positions and providing delecting surfaces extending upwardly and outwardly from above the mid portion of the ventilator throat toward the side edges of the cap, whereby to assist in the outward movement of the air through the space between the cap and the sides of the throat and to prevent entrapment of outgoing air under the cap, operating mechanism for actuating said dampers, said operating mechanism extending down into the ship, and a baille member projecting upwardly from said cap and cooperating with said black-out louvers, louvers, balile, cap and throat being arranged to insure reection of any light emerging from the throat at least three times before the same passes outwardly from the ventilator throughsaid louvers.

5. A Ventilating unit comprising, a base provided with an opening forming the ventilator the open upper end of the suction band, a series of longitudinally straight black-out louvers mounted upon the suction band within the open of said black-out louvers tion and relatively angularly disposed leg portions providing a section which is V-shaped in cross section with the legs of the V diverging relative to the horizontal, said louvers being spaced so that the apex of the V-shaped section of one louver extends at least partially into the opening of the V-shaped section of an adjacent louver, said cap including portions projecting outwardly beyond a line connecting the side of the throat and the side of the louver opening for causing light passing outwardly from the throat tobe reected from the underside'of the top walls of Y the suction band before passing outwardly through the louvers so as to insure that light emerging through said throat is reilected at least three times before emerging through the upper end of the ventilator, and damper means disand Ventilator throat arranged to form a water-tight closure therebetween when said damper means is in closed position.

LUCKY J. SHUMAKER. 

